A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Government Compensation of Kidney Donors
政府补贴捐肾者的成本效益分析
The latest issue of the American Journal of Transplantation has an excellent and comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of paying kidney donors by Held, McCormick, Ojo, and Roberts.
最新一期【译注：即2015年第十期】的《美国移植杂志》刊登了一篇由Held, McCormick, Ojo, 与 Roberts合著的文章，出色且全面地描述了关于支付捐肾者报酬的成本效益分析。
Earlier, Becker and Elias estimated that a payment of $15,000 per living donor would be sufficient to eliminate the US waiting list. The authors adopt a larger figure of $45,000 for living donors and $10,000 for deceased donors and find that even at these rates paying donors generates benefits far in excess of costs.
早些时候，Becker与 Elias就估算过，如果向每位活体捐赠者支付15,000美元，就会有足够的捐赠者来满足全美的肾脏移植需求。上述论文的作者们在分析中采用了更高的补贴数额，给予活体捐献者45,000美元，遗体捐献者10,000美元。结果显示，即使以这样的高价格补贴捐献者，其产生的效益也远超过成本。
In particular, a program of government compensation of kidney donors would provide the following benefits (quoting from the article):
具体而言，政府补贴捐肾者的计划将会带来下列好处（摘自该文章）：
- Transplant kidneys would be readily available to all patients who had a medical need for them, which would prevent 5000 to 10 000 premature deaths each year and significantly reduce the suffering of 100 000 more receiving dialysis.
- 所有有医疗需求的患者都能够顺利地获得肾脏移植，每年将会挽救5,000至10,000例早逝患者，并为超过100,000名依赖透析的患者极大地减缓病痛。
- This would be particularly beneficial to patients who are poor and African American because they are considerably overrepresented on the transplant waiting list. Indeed, it would be a boon to poor kidney recipients because it would enable them to reap the great benefits of transplantation at very little expense to themselves.
- 穷人和非裔病患将尤其从中受益，因为他们在移植等候名单中明显占据了多数。对于贫苦的肾脏移植接受者来说，这的确是一件好事，因为这将使得他们能以非常低的价格享受到肾脏移植的巨大好处。
- Because transplant candidates would no longer have to spend almost 5 years receiving dialysis while waiting for a transplant kidney, they would be younger and healthier when they receive their transplant, increasing the chances of a successful transplantation.
- 因为移植接受者将不必再依赖透析等待近5年，他们接受移植的时候也会更加年轻与健康，移植的成功率将会得到提高。
- With a large number of transplant kidneys available, it would be much easier to ensure the medical compatibility of donors and recipients, which would increase the success rate of transplantation.
- 由于有大量的肾脏可供移植，捐献者与受移植者在医学上的相容性会更容易得到保障，这也会提高移植的成功率。
- Taxpayers would save about $12 billion each year. Dialysis is not only an inferior therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), it is also almost 4 times as expensive per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained as a transplant.
- 纳锐人将因此每年节省大约120亿美元。对末期肾衰竭（ESRD）患者来说，肾透析不仅是一种次等的治疗方法，而且延长每个经质量调整寿命年（QALY）的花费，几乎是肾移植的四倍。【译注：QALY是一种经调整的期望寿命，其计算方式是将实际年数乘上该健康状态下的效用价值。如果在效用价值为5的健康状态持续3年，QALY就等于1.5，相当于保持1.5年的完美健康状态。】
翻译：Eartha（@王小贰_Eartha)
校对：小册子（@昵称被抢的小册子）
编辑：辉格@whigzhou